Overseas Chinese History Museum

分类：越南华人

VIETNAMESE BOAT PEOPLE
stories of hope, survival and resilience
Between 1975 to 1992, almost two million Vietnamese risked their lives to flee oppression and hardship after the Vietnam War, in one of the largest mass exoduses in modern history. Escaping by boat, many found freedom in foreign land, many were captured and brutally punished, and many did not survive the journey. This population of people are known as the ‘Vietnamese Boat People’ and these are their stories.

2022年10月17日
History of Chinese in Vietnam
The Chinese did well in the French colonial period in the 19th and early 20th century. French laws discouraged participation in commerce by the native population but encouraged Chinese participation. There was a substantial increase in the Hoa population. The country’s limited foreign and domestic trade were already in the hands of Chinese when the French arrived. The French chose to promote the Chinese role in commerce and to import Chinese labor to develop road and railroad systems, mining, and industry. French colonial policy that lifted the traditional ban on rice exports at the end of the nineteenth century also attracted new waves of Chinese merchants and shopkeepers seeking to take advantage of the new export market. Vietnam’s growing economy attracted even more Chinese thereafter, especially to the South. Already deeply involved in the rice trade, the Chinese expanded their interests to include ricemilling and established a virtual monopoly. [Source: Library of Congress]
In 1970, Chinese Vietnamese made up 5.3 percent of the population of South Vietnam and controlled 70 to 80 percent of the commerce. In mid-1975 the combined Hoa communities of the North and South numbered approximately 1.3 million, and all but 200,000 resided in the South, most of them in the Saigon metropolitan area.
Restrictions on economic activity following reunification of the north and south in 1975 and the subsequent but unrelated general deterioration in Vietnamese-Chinese relations, which led to war in 1979, negatively impacted the Chinese-Vietnamese community. After the Vietnam War, the Chinese were targets and many fled or were driven out. Beginning in 1975, the Hoa bore the brunt of socialist transformation in the South, especially after the communist government decided in early 1978 to abolish private trade. This, combined with external tensions stemming from Vietnam’s dispute with Cambodia and China in 1978 and 1979 caused an exodus of about 250,000 Hoa, of whom 170,000 fled overland into China from the North and the remainder fled by boat from the South. Many “boat people” left when the government closed down private businesses in 1978. An estimated 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam. Many were officially encouraged and assisted and some were expelled across the land border with China. The 1989 census counted 962,000 Chinese, barely changed from the 949,000 recorded in the 1979 census.

2022年10月17日
Vietnamese Boat People
Unknown 1984
More than two million “Vietnamese Boat People” fled their homeland between 1975 and 1995, seeking asylum in neighboring countries and leading to a humanitarian crisis that ended with more than half of the refugees being resettled in the United States. This photograph shows thirty-five refugees awaiting rescue by the USS Blue Ridge. After spending eight days at sea, the thirty-five foot fishing boat was spotted three hundred fifty miles northeast of Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam

2022年10月17日
1982, A 35 foot fishing boat approaches the amphibious command ship USS BLUE RIDGE (LCC 19). The BLUE RIDGE rescued 35 refugeees 350 miles northeast of Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, after they had spend eight days at sea in the boat.

2022年10月17日
Bản quyền thuộc báo điện tử Tiền Phong

2022年10月15日
Bản quyền thuộc về Báo Thanh Niên. Cấm sao chép

2022年10月15日
ngày 7.10, Cơ quan Cảnh sát điều tra Bộ Công an ra Quyết định khởi tố vụ án Lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản, xảy ra tại Công ty Cổ phần Tập đoàn Đầu tư An Đông và các tổ chức, đơn vị có liên quan; đồng thời, ra các Quyết định khởi tố bị can, Lệnh bắt bị can để tạm giam, Lệnh khám xét đối với Trương Mỹ Lan và 3 đồng phạm về tội “Lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản” theo Điều 174 Bộ luật Hình sự năm 2015, sửa đổi, bổ sung năm 2017, do có hành vi gian dối trong việc phát hành, mua bán trái phiếu trái quy định của pháp luật để chiếm đoạt hàng nghìn tỷ đồng của người dân trong năm 2018 – 2019.
Các bị can của vụ án, gồm: Trương Mỹ Lan (66 tuổi, Chủ tịch HĐQT Công ty CP Tập đoàn Vạn Thịnh Phát); Trương Huệ Vân (34 tuổi, Tổng giám đốc Công ty CP Tập đoàn quản lý bất động sản Windsor); Nguyễn Phương Hồng (38 tuổi, trợ lý Công ty CP Tập đoàn Vạn Thịnh Phát) và Hồ Bửu Phương (50 tuổi, nguyên Chủ tịch HĐQT Công ty CP chứng khoán Tân Việt, nguyên Phó tổng giám đốc phụ trách tài chính Công ty CP Tập đoàn Vạn Thịnh Phát). Các bị can này đều bị khởi tố, bắt tạm giam để Cơ quan CSĐT Bộ Công an làm rõ hành vi “lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản”.

2022年10月15日
2022年全国嘲剧联欢会吸引了来自全国16个艺术单位的近1500名专业演员、艺人参加。该联欢会也颇受众多当地居民和传统艺术爱好者的关注。
全国嘲剧联欢会3年举办一次。这是全国从事嘲剧表演艺人、演员的大节日。通过该联欢会增进了全国艺术家、演员们的相互交流与学习，从而保护与弘扬这一传统艺术类型，让传统艺术更贴近大众。
嘲剧是越南传统的民族戏曲形式，通常是带有歌舞的戏剧形式，且带有嘲讽、调笑和戏谑的意味。嘲剧始于12世纪的越南李朝，主要源自越南北部农村一种自发的民间艺术形式，通常在村外的露天广场进行表演，而后逐渐专业化和室内化。

2022年10月15日
据《越南之声》，帕迪人是岱依族的一个支系。在老街省，帕迪族约有 2000 人，主要居住在猛康县。帕迪族的妇女服饰是一种花色清新的独特服饰，与他们居住的山林、河流、溪流息息相关。
帕迪人服装最令人印象深刻的是头饰。帕迪人有一个关于女性头饰的传说。相传，过去，因为帕迪人不想远离子孙，所以家里的所有人和亲戚都同住在一个大屋檐下。后来，随着子女越来越多，孩子们就分开住了。为了体现对根源、父母和宗族的情怀，帕迪人以屋顶的形象创造了本民族的传统帽子。
帕迪人的帽子是用亚麻布手工编织而成。帕迪妇女用熟练的双手，在亚麻布上涂抹多层蜂蜡，使其变硬，然后折叠成屋顶的形状。头部的圆圈做的非常精致，将白银珠子附在帽子上。这些银珠是象征玉米、谷粒和饱腹感的常规形象。帽背还有一个长方形的银模，上面雕刻着树和鸟类。帕迪人将这种帽子称为“坤堂”。
除了帽子外，坡辛福说，帕迪族的女装也很独特。采用自己编织的面料，主色为靛蓝色，加上绿色和黑色，帕迪女衫是短款的设计，扣子在右侧。女装的特点是使用银色小纽扣作为装饰，它们相互连接，形成从衣领到臀部的对角线。
帕迪妇女的长裙类似于泰族妇女的连衣裙。裙子外面是一条同色的围裙。围裙的支撑和下摆有一条白色的边框，与袖子上的装饰性彩色面料融为一体，为服装创造平衡与和谐感。

2022年10月14日
值九二国庆之际，越南国家主席阮春福对2434名改造良好的囚犯作出特别特赦决定。这彰显了党和国家的宽大政策和越南人民的人道主义传统，也是驳斥敌对势力和反动分子近来抹黑越南人权状况的生动证据。

2022年10月14日